![]() Eventually, the stream's channel cuts so deep into the stream bed that only a harder rock, such as granite, remains. Sediment can erode stream beds made of soft rock, such as sandstone or limestone. The sediment can be microscopic silt, pebbles, or even boulders. Many waterfalls in an area help geologists and hydrologists determine a region's fall line and underlying rock structure.Īs a stream flows, it carries sediment. In both cases, the soft rock erodes, leaving a hard ledge over which the stream falls.Ī fall line is the imaginary line along which parallel rivers plunge as they flow from uplands to lowlands. ![]() ![]() This happens both laterally (as a stream flows across the earth) and vertically (as the stream drops in a waterfall). Often, waterfalls form as streams flow from soft rock to hard rock. Waterfalls themselves also contribute to erosion. The process of erosion, the wearing away of earth, plays an important part in the formation of waterfalls. A waterfall is a river or other body of water's steep fall over a rocky ledge into a plunge pool below.
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